Imagine a world where ancient wisdom holds the key to solving modern crises. That’s exactly what’s happening in India, where a forgotten architectural marvel is being resurrected to combat the nation’s worsening water scarcity. But here’s where it gets controversial: while these structures could be a lifeline, their revival is fraught with challenges—from vandalism to community apathy. Could the past truly save the future? Let’s dive in.
EDITOR’S NOTE: Call to Earth, a CNN editorial series, partners with Rolex’s Perpetual Planet Initiative (https://www.rolex.org/environment) to spotlight environmental challenges and solutions, inspiring global action.
Chennai, India — Amid India’s escalating water crisis, a centuries-old innovation is stepping into the spotlight: stepwells. These subterranean, terraced masterpieces were once the heartbeat of Indian communities, providing water for drinking, farming, and industry while doubling as social hubs. Today, many lie in ruins, casualties of neglect, pollution, and rapid urbanization in the world’s most populous nation. But one man is on a mission to breathe life back into these relics—and secure India’s water future.
For nearly two decades, Arun Krishnamurthy has led the Environmentalist Foundation of India (EFI) in restoring over 657 water bodies across 19 states, from lakes to ponds. Now, as part of the Rolex Perpetual Planet Initiative, he’s turning his attention to stepwells—a challenge he calls ‘the next big implementation’ for EFI. ‘These historical assets are a testament to human ingenuity,’ Krishnamurthy tells CNN. ‘Protecting them is our greater responsibility.’
But why stepwells? And this is the part most people miss: Their design isn’t just ancient; it’s revolutionary. Stepwells are engineered to capture rainwater, filter it through sand and stone, and store it for year-round use. Their descending steps ensure access even as water levels fluctuate. In a country where water is sacred, many were built as inverted temples, adorned with carvings and sculptures—a blend of utility and reverence.
Krishnamurthy explains, ‘Hundreds of years ago, without electricity, people relied on surface water. Stepwells were their solution—underground storage systems that slowly pumped water from below.’ Yet, restoring them isn’t as simple as it sounds. It demands traditional craftsmanship, generational knowledge, and community buy-in. Even after revival, vandalism threatens their survival.
Take the Moosi Rani Sagar stepwell in Rajasthan, EFI’s first restoration in 2022. Once a lifeline for the city, it had become a dumping ground, its stonework crumbling. EFI, alongside partners like the Hinduja Foundation, repaired the structure, cleared waste, and restored water quality. But Krishnamurthy emphasizes, ‘Maximal conservation requires minimal intervention. We don’t need modern tech—just skilled hands and respect for the past.’
Here’s the controversial bit: While stepwells are a solution, their revival exposes deeper issues. Pollution from religious offerings—figurines, plastic flowers—contaminates not just rivers like the Ganges but also these ancient structures. ‘Our cultural practices are part of the problem,’ Krishnamurthy admits. ‘But we won’t give up.’
EFI is fighting back with awareness campaigns, school programs, and community art projects to foster ownership. ‘Working on these structures is a blessing,’ Krishnamurthy adds. ‘We’re ready to give our all.’
India’s water story is complex. From the sacred Ganges, choked by pollution, to the stepwells of Rajasthan, each drop reflects a struggle—and a chance for renewal. But the question remains: Can we balance tradition and progress? Can ancient solutions fix modern problems? What do you think? Share your thoughts below—let’s spark a conversation that could shape the future of water conservation.
